A minha Lista de blogues

segunda-feira, 6 de fevereiro de 2012

Alguns Monarcas Ingleses


William I, da Normandia, o “conquistador”, tornou-se rei de Inglaterra após a vitória na batalha de Hastings, em 1066. Foi coroado na abadia de Westminster em 25 de Dezembro do mesmo ano. Mandou construir muitos castelos e fortalezas em toda a Inglaterra, como forma de garantir o domínio das terras conquistadas. A Torre de Londres foi mandada construir no seu reinado. O francês foi introduzido na corte, tornando-se a língua oficial utilizada pelo governo, administração e leis. O latim era usado pela Igreja. Passou a haver uma divisão de classes com base na língua falada. As classes dominantes falavam francês e o povo inglês. A língua inglesa apoiava-se numa forte tradição oral e escrita e por conseguinte nunca foi esquecida. Só no século XIV, o Inglês voltou a ser dominante. A publicação da obra Canterbury Tales de Geoffrey Chaucer, naquele século, revela, no entanto, que a língua inglesa tinha sofrido modificações profundas e muitas palavras francesas tinham sido adicionadas.

Richard I, cognominado “Coração de Leão” devido à sua coragem na guerra, viveu fora de Inglaterra, durante a maior parte do seu reinado, pois esteve muitos anos na Terra Santa como cruzado. Após a sua morte, sucedeu-lhe o irmão John I, cujo reinado foi marcado por conflitos sobre os limites do poder real. A Magna Carta (1215- chamada assim, porque se tratava de um acordo pormenorizado e longo, entre a coroa e a nobreza) garantiu os direitos e liberdades da classe nobiliárquica. Os reinados destes dois monarcas coincidem com o período das aventuras de Robin Hood, figura lendária de herói medieval, cuja tradição diz que roubava aos ricos para dar aos pobres. Esta obra, adaptada, é estudada pelos alunos do 7º ano.

Henry VIII ficou conhecido por se ter casado seis vezes e por ordenar a execução de duas das suas mulheres (Anne Boleyn e Catherine Howard). Governou como rei absoluto. Separou-se da Igreja católica, quando não conseguiu obter a aprovação do Papa para anular o primeiro casamento. Proibiu a existência de mosteiros, apoderando-se da riqueza da Igreja. Fundou a Igreja Anglicana, tornando-se o seu chefe supremo. Estes acontecimentos inserem-se no movimento da Reforma, em Inglaterra. 


Elizabeth I. Era filha de Henry VIII e de Anne Boleyn. É conhecida como “a rainha virgem”, porque nunca casou. Continuou a obra centralizadora e de reforma clerical do pai. O seu longo reinado transformou-se num dos mais populares da História de Inglaterra. Durante esse período, de meados do século XVI ao princípio do século XVII, os ingleses alcançaram a sua primeira grande vitória naval ao derrotarem a Armada Invencível (Spanish Armada - esse colapso militar espanhol tornou impossível a invasão do território inglês, frustrando as ambições de Filipe II de Espanha, que fora casado com a Rainha Maria Tudor, filha de Henrique VIII e meia-irmã de Isabel I, em dominar a Inglaterra com base no argumento da ilegitimidade de Isabel I e, portanto, revelou-se fundamental para a manutenção da independência inglesa). No seu reinado registou-se ainda a primeira tentativa para a fundação de uma colónia na América, no atual estado da Virgínia dos Estados Unidos. A Inglaterra começou a afirmar-se como uma grande potência marítima. Verificou-se  também a solidificação da língua inglesa, a base do inglês moderno, correspondendo a um dos períodos de ouro da literatura em Inglaterra, nomeadamente com a grande popularidade do teatro e em especial do dramaturgo e poeta William Shakespeare. Isabel I foi o último monarca da Dinastia Tudor.


Charles II subiu ao trono, após o único período republicano de Inglaterra, cujo líder foi Oliver Cromwell. No seu reinado deu-se um incêndio de enormes proporções (Great Fire of London), que destruiu grande parte de Londres, incluindo a catedral de St. Paul. Casou com D. Catarina de Bragança, princesa portuguesa, filha de D. João IV e D. Luisa de Gusmão. Não foi uma rainha popular em Inglaterra, por ser uma católica muito devota, por não ter tido filhos e a constante infidelidade do rei constituiu também um factor de pouca influência. Sublinhe-se, no entanto, que Carlos II sempre lhe mostrou grande respeito, protegendo-a em todos os momentos, quando os partidos dos protestantes mais sectários procuraram atacá-la. Dona Catarina teve também muitas dificuldades de adaptação, pois não dominava bem a língua inglesa e o clima era muito mais frio que em Portugal. (Ler: Tea Time-uma pausa para o chá)


William and Mary , apoiados pela facção protestante, depuseram o rei James II, acusado de favorecer o regresso do catolicismo e nomear muitos católicos para o governo . Este acontecimento chamado Glorious Revolution foi muito importante no reforço do poder do Parlamento. Através de legislação, impôs-se que o monarca não poderia introduzir impostos sem o consentimento parlamentar. Outra lei adoptada obrigava que todos os futuros monarcas fossem protestantes.


George III. Praticamente todo o século XVIII foi governado por monarcas com o nome de George, facto pelo qual se chama à Inglaterra deste período Georgean England. A união da Grã Bretanha e Irlanda, no chamado Reino Unido ocorreu no seu reinado. A Guerra da Independência foi ganha pelos colonos Americanos, o que levou à formação dos Estados Unidos da América, em 4 de Julho de 1776.





Victoria foi de todos os monarcas de Inglaterra quem governou durante mais tempo – 64 anos, razão pela qual o seu nome surge ligado ao longo período que governou e ao estilo de vida da época: costumes, educação, e até o mobiliário de estilo “vitoriano”. Nasceu no Palácio de Kensington, em Londres e o quarto onde viveu até aos 18 anos, quando se tornou rainha, está aberto ao público. Casou com o príncipe Alberto de Saxe Coburg- Gotha, primo do rei de Portugal, D. Fernando II. Teve nove filhos, o que fez com que através dos casamentos destes tivesse relações familiares com a maioria das casas reais da Europa. Ficou viúva muito nova e após a morte do marido usou preto para o resto da vida. O seu reinado coincide com o período de apogeu do Império Britânico.




George V mudou o nome da dinastia Hanover com forte conotação alemã para Windsor, a actual, devido aos fortes sentimentos anti- germânicos dessa época. O seu reinado foi marcado pela divisão da Irlanda do norte, que pertence ao Reino Unido, e a Irlanda do sul, um país independente desde 1922. Deveria suceder-lhe o seu filho mais velho, Edward VIII, mas este abdicou do poder para poder casar com uma mulher americana, divorciada, Wallis Simpson. Por este motivo subiu ao trono o pai da actual monarca, George VI. Durante a II Guerra Mundial optou por ficar em Londres com a família, apesar dos bombardeamentos que a capital foi alvo, o que lhe granjeou um forte apoio de todos os Londrinos. Recentemente estreou o filme “The King´s Speech”, galardoado como melhor filme, retratando os problemas de fala deste monarca.

Diamond Jubilee: Queen celebrating 60-year reign


Today, Queen Elizabeth II, who is 85 years old, commemorates 60 years of reign. Only Queen Victoria has reigned longer: 64 years.

During her reign, Queen Elizabeth II has seen 11 UK prime ministers come and go, from Winston Churchill to the present, David Cameron, her 12th.

The Queen's 60 years as monarch are set to be marked by a series of regional, national and international events during 2012, culminating in a four-day long UK Bank Holiday weekend in June.

Visit the official website of the British monarchy:
http://www.royal.gov.uk/


Visit the Queen´s facebook page:http://www.facebook.com/TheBritishMonarchy?sk=wall

quinta-feira, 2 de fevereiro de 2012

February 2012 Newsletter

© Clever Pants 2011
www.clever-pants.com

 Idioms and all that jazz..!
This month we’re taking a melodic look at some musical idioms... what’s that? It’s music to your ears..?

Idiom: (n). an expression, word or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made.
.
and all that jazz!
This idiom means that everything related or similar is included.
“She wants to buy shoes and dresses and all that jazz.”

Blow your own trumpet!
If someone blows their own trumpet, they boast about their talents and achievements.
“I don’t want to blow my own trumpet, but nobody could
do this better!”

Change your tune!
If someone changes their ideas or the way they talk about them, they change their tune.
“Last week you said you loved him and now you can’t stand him. you’ve certainly changed your tune!”

Face the music!
If you have to face the music, you have to accept the negative consequences of something you have done wrong.
“You’ve got away with this behavour for too long. It’s time to face the music.”

As fit as a fiddle!
If you are as fit as a fiddle, you are in perfect health.
“I went to the doctor for a checkup and he told me I’m as fit as a fiddle!”

Music to my ears!
If something someone says is music to your ears, it is exactly what you had wanted to hear.
“When she told me I was going to be a judge in the chocolate cake competition, it was music to my ears!”

March to the beat of your own drum!
If people march to the beat of their own drum, they do things the way they want without taking other people into consideration.
“You shouldn’t always try to please everybody all the time. You have to learn to march to the beat of your own drum.”


Thriller- The 39 Steps


The 39 Steps is a tense spy thriller, set in Britain in 1935. It was based on a book by John Buchan. It is full of danger, excitement and adventure. It was directed by Alfred Hitchcock, a very celebrated British director, who made many well-known films such as The Birds and Psycho.
Actor Robert Donat plays a man who meets a beautiful woman, and then finds out that she is a spy. He wants to help her, but she is killed and he must go on the run and try to uncover a secret network of evil spies! When he reveals the truth, there is a scandal and he is able to make a getaway.
The stars of the film won many awards.
If you like action packed films, you’ll love The 39 Steps!

Use the italic words in the text to answer the questions.
Can you find...?
a. A word that means “exciting”?
b. Two words that mean “famous”
c. A word that means “discover”?
d. Two words that mean “escape”?
e. A word that means“ main actors”?


Song - Someone Like You
Adele had the biggest hit of 2011 with her song

Someone Like You.

I heard that you're settled down
That you found a girl and you're married now.
I heard that your dreams came true.
Guess she gave you things I didn't give to
you.
Old friend, why are you so shy?
Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the
light.
I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it.
I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd
be reminded
That for me it isn't over.
Never mind, I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
Don't forget me, I beg
I remember you said,
"Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it
hurts instead,
Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it
hurts instead, "
Yeah
You know how the time flies
Only yesterday was the time of our lives
We were born and raised
In a summer haze
Bound by the surprise of our glory days
I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited
But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it.
I'd hoped you'd see my face and that you'd
be reminded
That for me it isn't over.
Never mind, I'll find someone like you
I wish nothing but the best for you too
Don't forget me, I beg
I remember you said,
"Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it
hurts instead."
Yeah
Nothing compares
No worries or cares
Regrets and mistakes
They are memories made.
Who would have known how bittersweet this
would taste?

Can you match the expressions in italics with their meanings?

1. The best moments we experienced.
2. In a long term relationship.
3. Time seems to pass very quickly.
4. Arrive without warning.
5. I hope only good things happen to you.
6. Grow up and become adults.
7. You got what you wanted.


The text was taken from:
© Clever Pants 2011

English Showcase VI


This showcase is about two films that are on in Portugal: The Iron Lady, starring Meryl Streep, is about the life of Margaret Thatcher , the former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and her path to Power.






J. Edgar, starring Leonardo DiCaprio, is about J. Edgar Hoover, the legendary first director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) of the United States, who stayed in office for 47 years.  






The second showcase is about celebrations in February, in the English speaking countries:6th February- Waitangi Day in New Zealand

14th February- Valentine´s Day

20th February- Presidents´ Day in USA

21st February- Shrove Tuesday or Pancake Day in UK

sábado, 21 de janeiro de 2012

My Luve is like a Red Red Rose



Here is the poem  RED, RED ROSE by Robert Burns, sung by Andy M. Stewart:








My Luve is like a Red Red Rose


O my Luve's like a red, red rose, ( love)


That's newly sprung in June:


O my Luve's like the melodie, (melody)


That's sweetly play'd in tune. (played)


As fair art thou, my bonie lass, (you are so beautiful my pretty girl )
So deep in luve am I;


And I will luve thee still, my dear, (you)


Till a' the seas gang dry. ( all the seas go dry)


Till a' the seas gang dry , my dear,


And the rocks melt wi' the sun; (with)


And I will luve thee still, my dear,


While the sands o' life shall run. (of)


And fare-thee-weel, my only Luve ! (goodbye)


And fare-thee-weel, a while! ( for a short time)


And I will come again, my Luve,


Tho' t were ten thousand mile! (through)





quinta-feira, 19 de janeiro de 2012

Sherlock Holmes


Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, a Scottish author and physician, invented the character of Sherlock Holmes in 1887.
He wrote 60 stories about this famous detective and his friend Dr. Watson.  When he tried to kill Sherlock Holmes  in 1893 in "The Final Problem" his readers protested and he had to bring him back for a new story called " The Hound of The Baskervilles", where he explained Sherlock Holmes had faked his own death.


Everyone recognises Sherlock Holmes because of his deerstalker hat, his magnifying glass and his pipe.



Sherlock Holmes lived in 221 B Baker Street in London. Nowadays you can visit the same house, which is a museum dedicated to the most famous fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes.

References:
Johnson, S and Myles, J. Timesaver. London! London:Scholastic, 2007



sábado, 14 de janeiro de 2012

The Amish


Do you think you could live without internet, videogames, TV?
Read about the AMISH people and find out their way of life.


Imagine a world without telephones or television, without cars or electricity. In this world the women wear long dresses. There is no industry. Everyone works on farms and travels by horse or on foot. Where do you think this world is? Europe in the seventeenth century? In fact, it is Pennsylvania in North America in the 21st Century. It is the world of the Amish people.



The Amish people went to America in the eighteenth century and since then their lifestyle has not changed at all. They don’t even speak English among themselves. They speak German as their ancestors did. The Amish are farmers and they base their life on the Bible. There were no tractors or telephones in the Bible and there are no tractors or telephones in the Amish villages today.


Family life is very important for the Amish. They live in large families and everyone helps with the work. The day starts when the sun rises and ends when the sun sets. The men and boys work in the fields and the women and girls work in the house. When something big is needed, such as a new barn, all the neighbours help to build it. While the men and boys cut, lift and hammer the wood, the women and girls prepare the food and look after the children .







Nobody works on Sundays, because everyone goes to church. But life for the Amish is not all work. They have a lot of village parties. They don’t dance or play musical instruments, but they sing hymns and they have a good time.There is no electricity in the world of the Amish. They don’t use chemicals on their farms. The rules are strict. But there is no crime and no pollution. Nobody is poor and nobody is lonely.




In the 1985 film ,Witness, a young Amish boy is witness to a murder....






References:
Hutchinson, T. Hotline. Oxford University Press.

sexta-feira, 6 de janeiro de 2012

January 2012 Newsletter

© Clever Pants 2011

Feeling the chill out? Take off your hat and scarf and come in and put your feet up in front of the fire. It’s time to forget about the icy winter air and enjoy the January newsletter!

Knock Knock!
Who’s there?
Ken.
Ken who?
Ken I come in, it’s freezing out here?

As a child my family's menu consisted of two choices: take it or leave it.
Buddy Hackett
Behind every great man is a woman rolling her eyes.
Jim Carrey
Cross country skiing is great if you live in a small country.
Steven Wright
I always wanted to be somebody, but now I realize I should have been more specific.
Lily Tomlin


Idioms - It’s raining cats and dogs...

Every language has its strange and wonderful idioms. In this month’s language feature, we’re going to have a look at some of our favourite animal themed idioms in English.


Idiom: (n) an expression, word or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made.

Raining cats and dogs
If it's raining cats and dogs it's raining very heavily.
"We can't go to the park today because it's raining cats and dogs."

Ants in one's pants
People who have ants in their pants are very restless or excited about something.
"I wish he'd relax. He's got ants in his pants about something today!"

Have a bee in one's bonnet
A person who has a bee in their bonnet has an idea which constantly occupies their thoughts.
"She's got a bee in her bonnet about moving to New York."

Kill two birds with one stone.
If you kill two birds with one stone, you succeed in doing two things at the same time.
"By studying on the train on the way home every week-end, Claire kills two birds with one stone."

 Like a bear with a sore head

If someone is behaving like a bear with a sore head,they are very irritable and bad-tempered.
"When his team lost the match, Brad was like a bear with a sore head."

Like a bull in a china shop

If someone is behaving like a bull in a china shop they are acting without thinking and without tact, upsetting plans and people.
"I wouldn’t invite him to the party - he’s like a bull in a china shop after a glass of wine!”

Cat's whiskers (also: the cat's pyjamas or the bees’knees)

This expression refers to someone who considers themselves to be better than others in a particular area- beauty, competence, intelligence, sport, etc.
"Ever since she got a promotion, she thinks she's the cat's whiskers!"


Recipe: Pea and Ham Soup
A very traditional English favourite, pea and ham soup is a classic that is extraordinarily tasty and sure to warm you through to your bones on these nippy wintry evenings.
Pea and ham soup has literally been popular forever. It gets a mention in Aristophones’ The Birds, and apparently the Romans went nuts for it, and it was sold by street vendors in winter in Ancient Greece!

Ingredients
200g yellow or green split peas, rinsed and drained
1.5 litres water
1 ham bone (from a cooked ham, or stock if you don’t
have a bone handy)
1 carrot, chopped
1 onion, chopped
1 leek, chopped
2 bay leaves
Salt and freshly ground pepper
Chopped parsley to serve
Method
Put the peas and water in a large pan, bring to the boil and skim off any scum. Meanwhile, cut off any ham from the bone. Dice and set aside. Add the carrot, onion, leek, bay leaf and bone to the peas. Season, cover, return to a simmer and cook for 40 minutes or until the peas are tender. Remove the bone and bay leaf. Purée the soup with a blender. Return to a clean pan, reheat and check the seasoning. Ladle into bowls, garnish with the ham and parsley and serve.

The text was taken from


terça-feira, 3 de janeiro de 2012

English Showcase V


On 16th January we commemorate MARTIN LUTHER KING in USA


Extract from speech I have a dream:

“I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal."

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.


On 25th January it is ROBERT BURNS´S DAY in Scotland.

People pay tribute to the national poet of Scotland through the ritual of Burns Supper, a celebration of his life and poetry,which should include Haggis, a traditional Scottish dish.




On 26th January it is AUSTRALIA DAY

Australia is a country and a continent. Most of the country is hot and dry, especially in the middle where there are deserts. Few people live in these areas, but there are large sheep and cattle farms called stations (Australia produces 25 % of the world´s wool – there are around 10 sheep per person). Two-thirds of the Australians live in the large cities of Sydney, Melbourne and Brisbane. The capital is Canberra. Although it is a big country, almost as big as the USA, the population of Australia is only 16 million, compared with 245 million in the USA.
Australia Day is an official holiday in Australia celebrating national pride and culture.